Mishnah
Mishnah

Commento su Bava Batra 6:3

הַמּוֹכֵר יַיִן לַחֲבֵרוֹ וְהֶחְמִיץ, אֵינוֹ חַיָּב בְּאַחֲרָיוּתוֹ. וְאִם יָדוּעַ שֶׁיֵּינוֹ מַחְמִיץ, הֲרֵי זֶה מִקַּח טָעוּת. וְאִם אָמַר לוֹ יַיִן מְבֻשָּׂם אֲנִי מוֹכֵר לְךָ, חַיָּב לְהַעֲמִיד לוֹ עַד הָעֲצֶרֶת. וְיָשָׁן, מִשֶּׁל אֶשְׁתָּקַד. וּמְיֻשָּׁן, מִשֶּׁל שָׁלֹשׁ שָׁנִים:

Se uno vendeva vino al suo vicino e diventava acido, lui [il venditore] non è responsabile per i resi. [Per quando lo vendette, era vino. Questo, solo se diventasse aceto nelle navi dell'acquirente. Perché, se nelle navi del venditore, lui (l'acquirente) può dirgli: "Ecco il tuo vino e qui ci sono le tue navi". E il venditore non può dirgli: "Perché l'hai lasciato nelle sue navi così a lungo? È la tua perdita". Perché l'acquirente può dirgli: "All'inizio ti avevo detto che intendevo usare il vino solo un po 'alla volta."] E se si sa che il suo vino diventa acido, [cioè che non dura; e l'acquirente gli disse che non ne aveva bisogno per il vino (cioè per il consumo immediato), ma per il mikpeh, da usare poco a poco], è una "vendita errata". [Perché avrebbe dovuto dirgli che il suo vino non "regge".] E se gli dicesse: "Sto vendendo vino speziato, [che generalmente" regge "fino a quando Shevuoth, dopo di che si guasta, deve fornirlo ( con il vino che detiene) fino a Shevuoth.] E [se gli vendesse il vino pretendeva di essere] "vecchio", [gli dà il vino] dell'anno precedente. E "molto vecchio", di tre anni (prima).

Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

אינו חייב – [the seller in his responsibility] for at the time of the sale, it was wine. And specifically, when it became fermented/sour in the utensils of the purchaser, for if it were in the utensils of the seller [when it became fermented], he (i.e., the purchaser) could say to him (i.e., the seller): “ this is your wine and this your vessel,” and the seller is not able to say to him: “why did you leave it (i.e., the wine) in these vessels so long? You are the one who has taken a loss,” for this one could have said to him: but from the beginning, I informed you that it was not my intention to be supported by this wine, other than a little bit [at a time].”
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English Explanation of Mishnah Bava Batra

If a man sold wine to his fellow and it turned sour he is not responsible. But if it was known [to the seller] that his wine would [soon] turn sour, this is a mistaken purchase.
If he had said to him, “I am selling you spiced wine”, he is responsible for its remaining [good] until Shavuoth.
[If he said] it is old wine, it must be from last year’s. [If he said] it is vintage old wine, it must be from the year before last.

Mishnah three discusses rules concerning the sale of wine.
This mishnah is concerned with the responsibility of a wine seller to ensure the quality and preservation of the wine which he sells. If he sold him wine and it turned sour, the seller is not in general responsible, since wine is known to turn sour. If, however, the seller knew that the wine would soon turn sour and he did not warn the buyer, the seller is responsible to return the buyer’s money.
If he sold him spiced wine, he is responsible that it not turn sour until Shavuoth. Spiced wine was known to last during the winter but turn to vinegar due to the heat of the summer. Therefore the wine need only last until Shavuoth, the holiday celebrated at the beginning of the summer.
Finally the mishnah clarifies two terms used in the selling of wine. “Old wine” must be from last year’s batch and “vintage old wine” must be from the year before last. If the seller promised one of these types of wine and he gave the buyer wine that was not as old, the buyer can demand his money back.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

ואם ידוע שיינו מחמיץ – that it is not preserved and the other one says to him that he didn’t need wine, but rather for a stiff mass of grist, oil and onions and to let it stand to take from it only bit by bit.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

הרי זה מקח טעות – he should have informed him that his wine does not endure.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

מבוסם – it is its manner to endure until Shavuot. But from then onward, the heat spoils it.
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Bartenura on Mishnah Bava Batra

וישן – if he sold him wine on the condition that it is old, he gives him from the year before – from the year that past that precedes this one.
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